Times

2 In 1862 the St Post Date: Wed, 6 Aug 2008 6:33:00 +0000
1 The tide was running against the reciprocity treaty, however. Taylor continued earnestly to advocate it, urging that enlarged and extended territorially, it should become a permanent con- tinental policy. 2 In 1862 the St Paul Chamber of Commerce submitted to Congress a memorial, drawn up by Taylor, remonstrating against any action at the present session of Con- gress suspending the treaty between the United States and Great Britain of June 5, 1854, commonly known as the Reci- procity Treaty.

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Why not disarm Post Date: Wed, 6 Aug 2008 6:22:39 +0000
3 In this memorial it was admitted that a revision might become necessary, but it was urged that such revision, if unavoidable, should be in the direction of further It would be an instance of well-directed legislation for the Congress of the United States and the Parliament of England to unite in a lib- eral subsidy, say of $200,000 by each government, for the transmission of a weekly mail from the limits of navigation on the Mississippi river and the British coast of Lake Superior by an international route to the centres of the gold districts of British Columbia and Washing- ton Territory. Similar reciprocity of action has led to unity of interests and senti- ments on the opposite coasts of the St Lawrence and the great lakes, itself an effective bond of peace. Why not disarm the whole frontier of the north by constant multiplication of such ties and guarantees of international concord? The preceding exhibit of what nature has proposed in Northwest America is submitted with the hope and con- fidence that man will dispose of the future relations of adjacent and homogeneous communities upon a firm and lasting basis of mutual interest and good will.

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It is significant Post Date: Wed, 6 Aug 2008 6:04:06 +0000
The printed document read natural interest; in his copy, found in the Taylor Papers, Taylor has crossed out the word natural and inserted mutual in the margin. freedom of commercial intercourse, not of additional restric- tions. It is significant that this memorial was reprinted in the report of the Canadian minister of finance on the reciprocity treaty, a report which also discusses the United States govern- ment reports of Hatch and Taylor.

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To this gathering came representatives Post Date: Wed, 6 Aug 2008 5:49:02 +0000
1 Taylor was also in com- munication with many Canadians on the subject at this time, particularly with the managing director of the Grand Trunk Railway of Canada, Mr Brydges. 2 A great commercial convention was held in Detroit in July, 1865. To this gathering came representatives from boards of trade and chambers of commerce of the United States and the British North American provinces.

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He was made a mem- Post Date: Wed, 6 Aug 2008 5:30:56 +0000
The purpose of the con- ference was to consider such subjects as commerce, finance, communications of transit from the West to the seaboard, and reciprocal trade between the United States and the provinces. James Taylor was present at this convention as the repre- sentative of the St Paul Board of Trade. He was made a mem- ber of the committee on reciprocity, and a resolution drafted by him was adopted by the committee and presented to the convention.

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Toward the end Post Date: Wed, 6 Aug 2008 5:16:13 +0000
Though approving the notice of termination of the treaty of 1854, it requested that negotiations for a new, enlarged reciprocal commercial intercourse, including British Columbia, the Selkirk settlement, and Vancouvers Island, should be entered upon, asking also for the free navigation of the St Lawrence and other rivers of British North America, and suggesting that improvements of rivers and canals be undertaken adequate to the needs of the West in communicating with the ocean. The resolution precipitated an unusually sharp debate on the question of reciprocity, chief among those oppos- ing it being Hannibal Hamblin. Toward the end of the debate, however, a powerful speech in its favor was delivered by Joseph Howe of Nova Scotia, who later became Canadian secretary of state, and the resolution was unanimously adopte 1 The House of Representatives passed a resolution on March 28, 1866, requesting an extensive report on the subject of com- mercial relations with British America, and James Taylor was asked by the secretary of the treasury, now Hugh Mc- Culloch, to prepare it.

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This proposal was formulated Post Date: Wed, 6 Aug 2008 4:59:23 +0000
One feature of this report, which was presented by the secretary on June 12, i866, 2 attracted widespread attention and drew upon Taylors head not a little censure. Taylor believed that the destiny of British America was involved in the extension of an ocean coast to the western limits of the great lakes, and a railway from Halifax to the capital of the confederation, and thence exclusively on the soil of the confederation to the North Pacific coaSt Feeling cer- tain that England would assume no material portion of the obli- gations which such an undertaking would entail (he estimated improvements of the St Lawrence and Welland canals at twenty million dollars and a St Lawrence and Pacific railway at a hundred million in addition to liberal land grants), and believing that the federal government of the provinces would doubtless regard the promised communication between Hal- ifax and Quebec as the utmost possible limit of its railway liability, at least for this century, Taylor drew up and pre- sented a proposal for a union of the United States and British America. This proposal was formulated as a bill entitled An Act for the admission of the States of Nova Scotia, New Bruns- wick, Canada East, and Canada West, and for the organization of the Territories of Selkirk, Saskatchewan, and Columbia.

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Provision was made for territorial Post Date: Wed, 6 Aug 2008 4:40:55 +0000
The bill was, to use Taylors own words, analagous to the Resolution admitting Texas as a state and rested upon the con- stitutional authority of Congress to admit new states. 1 The conditions of the admission of the Canadian states were set forth in twelve articles, which were very complete in their details. Provision was made for territorial divisions, repre- sentation, the public debts, and the form of government.

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The concluding statement Post Date: Wed, 6 Aug 2008 4:27:54 +0000
The most interesting articles, however, were those providing for the immediate construction of an international railway, and making liberal allowances for the improvement of watercourses. Arti- cle 1 1 proposed a payment by the United States of ten million dollars to the Hudsons Bay Company in full discharge of all claims to territory or jurisdiction in North America. The concluding statement of the report is of considerable interest : I will not extend this paper by any presentation of what I regard as the great preponderance of benefit to the people of the provinces.

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1 A writer Post Date: Wed, 6 Aug 2008 4:09:51 +0000
I only reiterate that they have a right to demand of their present rulers two great objects, a Mediterranean to Su- perior, and a railway to the Pacific ocean, and these before 1880 ; and I cannot believe these objects will be assured to this genera- tion by a provincial confederation, or by the intervention of Eng- lan The United States may interpose, with the requisite guar- antees ; and if so, why shall we not combine to extend an American Union to the Arctic circle? The chairman of the committee upon foreign relations in the House of Representatives, General p Banks, made the prop- osition his own, and submitted it to the House. Because of demonstrations against the measure in Canada, it was thought expedient, after consultation with the secretary of state and members of Congress, not to press the consideration of the bilL Reverting to the nature of the proposition in a speech before the National Board of Trade at Richmond in 1869, Taylor characterized it as not the annexation of Canada to the United States, the term is offensive, but such a free and voluntary union between these people of the Northland of the continent and ourselves, as we entered into with the Republic of Texas, or as was effected in 1787 between the Independent Colonies which now compose the United States. 1 A writer in a Win- nipeg newspaper said of the proposal, that although unaccept- able to Canada even more than to England, yet it proved a powerful motor in advancing Confederation and assuring the marvellous achievement of a Canadian inter-oceanic communi- cation.

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