Times

Since 1892 he has been Post Date: Sun, 3 Aug 2008 0:26:33 +0000
(Urbana, University of Illinois, 1914. 223 p) 1 Mr Babcock has long been a student of the Scandinavian element in this country. Since 1892 he has been a contributor to periodicals of articles dealing with phases of the subject, and from these earlier studies has grown the present elaborate mono- graph on the Scandinavian element.

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He is deeply interested Post Date: Sun, 3 Aug 2008 0:13:30 +0000
In its preparation the author has utilized extensive materials and authorities. Besides printed sources of all sorts, in English, Norwegian, Swedish, and Danish, he has secured much matter relating to the subject gathered by means of personal interviews, correspondence, and observa- tions extending over a series of years. He is deeply interested in the problem of the alien, and believes in the careful investigation of the characteristics of each cohort in the national forces, an intensive study of each immigrant group.

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Mr Babcock has undertaken Post Date: Sun, 3 Aug 2008 0:03:16 +0000
Thus can their contributions to American life and char- acter be appraise For the Germans the monumental study by Faust constitutes such a work. Recently similar works have appeared for the Scotch-Irish, for the Jewish immigration from 1881 to 1910, and for emigration from the United Kingdom. Mr Babcock has undertaken the study of one great group, the Scandinavians, who in at least six states of the Northwest have been among the chief contributors to State-building.

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No less striking is their Post Date: Sat, 2 Aug 2008 23:50:11 +0000
He points out significantly that among the twenty-four million immigrants who came to the United States during the eighty years ending in June, 1906, the Scandinavians numbered more than one million and seven hundred thousan The author begins with an analysis of the Scandinavian char- acter. Norwegians, Swedes, and Danes have many characteris- tics in common, such as patience, persistence, thrift, love of adventure, courage in facing the possibilities of the future, hatred of slavery, clear, high ideas of personal and political freedom. No less striking is their adaptability to changes of clime, condi- tions, and circumstances.

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The Swede is aristocratic, polite Post Date: Sat, 2 Aug 2008 23:36:54 +0000
Yet there are striking temperamental differences between the three. Mr Babcock's contrast of the Swedes and Norwegians is discriminative and significant. The Swede is aristocratic, polite, vivacious, fond of dignities, assertive, often brilliant, yet a persistent worker, and capable of energy and endurance.

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He has fire and imagination Post Date: Sat, 2 Aug 2008 23:24:49 +0000
The most striking quality of the Norwegian is his democracy. He is simple, serious, intense, severe even to bluntness, often radical and visionary, and with a tendency to disputatiousness. He has fire and imagination, and is a stren- uous, almost turbulent, worker, but, in Mr Babcock's opinion, he has rarely developed the qualities of great leadership.

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One feels that he might Post Date: Sat, 2 Aug 2008 23:12:57 +0000
Immigrants to the United States are to be judged by the character and preparation which best fit men to contribute to the permanent progress of a self-governing people. What is the status of the Scandinavians upon this basis? Mr Babcock believes they are to be rated high their character, their literacy, their history confirming him in this belief. One feels that he might well have dealt more fully with the latter phase, the history of the Scandinavians in Europe as a backgroun The Nor- wegian constitution of 1814, for example, and the political and literary movements in that country during the nineteenth century undoubtedly exerted vast, though intangible, influence upon the thought of the Norwegian element in America.

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Mr Babcock adds a compact Post Date: Sat, 2 Aug 2008 22:53:03 +0000
In a series of four chapters Mr Babcock considers the causes for the great movement of Scandinavians in response to the call of the American West, and tells briefly and concisely the fasci- nating story of the westward wave of Scandinavian immigration. The chapters on Norwegian immigration deal with a subject that has been covered in a thorough and scholarly manner by George Flom in his monograph A History of Norwegian Immigration to the Year 1848. Mr Babcock adds a compact chapter dealing with the expansion and distribution of the Scandinavian immigrants during the years 1850-1900, tracing the stream of immigration as it flows out over the wilderness of the upper Mississippi Valley and west of the Great Lakes.

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Of particular importance Post Date: Sat, 2 Aug 2008 22:38:25 +0000
He points out that seventy per cent of the total Scandinavian immigration came into the NorthweSt The greater and more significant portion of the monograph is in the nature of an interpretation of the contribution of the Scandinavians to America from economic, religious, intellectual, social, and political standpoints. The section on Economic Forces at Work is impressive in the mass of facts and statistics which it presents. Of particular importance is the history of the relation of Norwegian, Swedish, and Danish immigrants to the land policy and the development of railway transportation in the WeSt The value of a particular group of immigrants in the building and development of a region is difficult to estimate because so many angles must be considere Even economically a purely statistical study must be at best incomplete, for, as Mr Babcock himself points out, industry, frugality, and intelligence are prime factors.

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Immigration in the next five Post Date: Sat, 2 Aug 2008 22:20:04 +0000
Yet his estimate on the basis of money value is of considerable intereSt He values an immigrant over four- teen and under forty-five at one thousand dollars. Then, esti- mating that eighty per cent of the foreign-born enumerated in the census of 1900 reached this country between those ages, the total capital represented by the Scandinavians on that basis was eight hundred and fifty million dollars. Immigration in the next five years added two hundred and thirty million dollars to this.

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