Times

The money estimates referred Post Date: Sat, 2 Aug 2008 22:09:51 +0000
The total represented just so much given by the gods of plenty to accelerate the development of the West (p 93). Mr Babcock's figures frequently do not come down to date. The money estimates referred to above reach the year 1905.

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However Olson Post Date: Sat, 2 Aug 2008 21:53:40 +0000
On page 102 he speaks of the department store of Olson Co. in Minneapolis, as one of the largest department stores west of Chicago, and probably the greatest Scandinavian business house in the country which does a yearly business of about $2,000,000, and in the height of the season employs more than 700 persons. However Olson and Company went out of business fourteen years ago.

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Other similar indications show Post Date: Sat, 2 Aug 2008 21:38:49 +0000
On page 122 in his paragraph on church services in the Lutheran church, figures for 1905 are use Those for 1913 were available, and show a great advance in the transition from Norwegian to English. One page 121, also, the statistics of the United church are for 1905. Other similar indications show that considerable portions of the book were written at least eight or nine years ago, and not thoroughly revised before publication.

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The literature of the Scan- Post Date: Sat, 2 Aug 2008 21:19:06 +0000
In discussing the Scandinavian element from the religious and intellectual standpoint, Mr Babcock points out their almost per- fect literacy ; their record in acquiring the use of English ; their establishment of church schools and denominational colleges, as well as their loyalty to the American public school. In his account of churches and religion among the Scandinavians, he confines himself largely to statistics. The literature of the Scan- dinavian Lutheran church, the annual reports of the church synods, and other valuable sources on the religious life of the Scandinavians seem not to have been utilize This is unfor- tunate when one considers how vital the church has been for a large proportion of the immigrants from the northern peninsula.

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Such a discriminative anthology Post Date: Sat, 2 Aug 2008 21:05:07 +0000
It is likewise to be regretted that, while a good estimate of the Scandinavian press is given, no mention is made of the literary activity of the Danes, Norwegians, and Swedes in this country, which has been neither inconsiderable in quantity nor insignificant in quality. One fails to find in Mr Babcock's book the names of the influential literary leaders among the Scandinavian-Amer- icans. Such a discriminative anthology as Norsk-amerikanske digte, for example, is not mentione One could wish that less attention had been given to the political, and more to the literary, musical, and artistic labors of the Scandinavians.

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Not a few have risen Post Date: Sat, 2 Aug 2008 20:49:04 +0000
After a brief statistical examination of their social relations and characteristics, Mr Babcock makes a careful study of the Scandinavian influence in local and state politics, and of party preferences and political leadership. In the states of the North- west the Norse have been extremely active in all branches of local politics, no less than in the legislative, administrative, and executive departments of state government. Not a few have risen to high political distinction in both nation and state.

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By thus surveying one important Post Date: Sat, 2 Aug 2008 20:31:38 +0000
With the spread of the spirit of independent voting, the old staunch republicanism of the Scandinavians seems to be undergoing a change. Mr Babcock criticizes severely, and with good cause, the tendency toward voting and political recognition on a racial basis. By thus surveying one important element in its development, Mr Babcock has made a valuable contribution to American history and particularly to the history of the WeSt His conclu- sions, after so long and thorough a study, are significant.

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A critical essay on materials Post Date: Sat, 2 Aug 2008 20:16:56 +0000
In temperament, early training, and ideals, he declares, the Scan- dinavians more nearly approach the American type than any other class of immigrants, except those from Great Britain . The Scandinavians, knowing the price of American citizenship, have paid it ungrudgingly, and are proud of the possession of the high prerogatives and privileges conferre They fit readily into places among the best and most serviceable of the nation's citi- zens; without long hammering or costly chiseling they give strength and stability, if not beauty and the delicate refinements of culture, to the social and economic structure of the United States (page 181). A critical essay on materials and authorities, an appendix of statistical tables, and the index conclude the volume.

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603 p), though Post Date: Sat, 2 Aug 2008 20:04:50 +0000
In arrange- ment and classification, as well as inclusiveness, the bibliography is the best in its fiel The section on documentary sources is particularly goo On the religious life and activity of the Scandinavians it is not so satisfactory. It is difficult to under- stand why such mines of information as the annual church reports should be omitte Also, both for the Norwegians and Swedes, not a few congregational histories have been written, many of them of considerable historical interest, which are not include Hjalmar Holand's De norske settlementers historic (Ephraim, Wisconsin, 1908. 603 p), though to a certain degree uncritical, should not, at any rate, have been omitted from the bibliography.

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FONKALSRUD, PH Post Date: Sat, 2 Aug 2008 19:45:44 +0000
THEODORE BLEGEN The Scandinavian- American. By ALFRED O. FONKALSRUD, PH.

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